SCAPP уже писал о происхождении названий некоторых поселений на территории Большого Сочи. Почти все они звучат необычно, и в этимологическом плане там действительно всё очень запутано. История Сочи и окрестностей настолько слоиста, что приходится осваивать довольно глубокие пласты знаний, чтобы понять «кто на ком стоял» и что нам оставили адыги, абхазы, убыхи, греки или турки. Спасибо им за это большое, а мы попробуем разобраться в происхождении имён основных горных пиков и хребтов вокруг Красной Поляны.
Хребет Псехако
1 600 м
Правильное название — Псекохо. Именно так хребет называли в дореволюционных и довоенных картографических документах, но позже прижился искажённый вариант. На северо-западе и западе от хребта течёт река Лаура, в которую с юго-восточной стороны впадает река Ачипсе. На юге хребет ограничен бассейном Мзымты, куда в итоге впадает прекрасная Лаура. Хребет повышается постепенно и на востоке встречается с массивом Бзерпи, о котором мы тоже расскажем. Есть несколько версий о происхождении названия хребта. Например, от абхазского «пса-куа-хуы», что в переводе означает «вершина пихтового хребта». Также популярен вариант от адыгского «псикехох», в переводе «падающая вода», «водопад».
Хребет Грушевый
1 950 м
Находится между реками Мзымта и Пслух и является отрогом Главного Кавказского хребта. Протянулся на семь километров с запада на восток. Здесь всё понятно: хребет так назван из-за древних черкесских груш, растущих на склонах этой горной гряды. Добираться до хребта довольно долго — около 1,5 часов на машине, но вид отсюда невероятный — турьи горы, альпийские луга, долины рек, пики Псеашхо, Аишхи, Аибги. Здесь же находится Энгельманова поляна, источник уникальной минеральной воды.
Пик Бзерпи
2 482 м
Расположен между притоками Мзымты, недалеко от массива горы Табунная Южная. «Пиком Бзерпи» вершину в 30-х годах прошлого века назвал краевед Юрий Ефремов. Этот топоним по одной из версий произошёл от убыхского «бзепи» — что условно можно перевести как «место у воды» или «место, где много воды». В целом понятно, тем более что, строго говоря, Бзерпи — это название ещё одной реки, притока Лауры. Но есть и другая версия: от адыгского бзадже («злой», «вредный»). То есть адыги хотели предупредить, что местность эта неприветливая, суровая.
Хребет и вершина Ачишхо
2 391 м
Мы насчитали три основные версии происхождения этого известного топонима. Самая популярная — от адыгского «ачи шхо», в переводе «большой козёл» или «много козлов». Козлов на этих склонах действительно много, однако учёные и краеведы предпочитают абхазо-абазинский вариант этимологии названия от «ачи» — лошадь и «ашха» — гора: Лошадиная голова. Есть также предположение, связанное с тем, что здесь когда-то пасли скот абазины-медовеевцы, и черкесы называли это место «Медезю-и-кушх», в переводе «Гора Медозюев». Так гора называлась в некоторых документах на стыке XIX–XX веков.
Массив Аибга
2 513 м
Первые два варианта происхождения названия можно считать этнонимами. Популярно мнение, что так называлось одно из горных абазинских племён. И что представители Аибга (айбога) проживали в XIX веке у истоков реки Псоу. Версия два: топоним Аибга произошёл от имени абхазского рода Айба. Версия три: от абхазского «абга» — обрыв.
Вершина Чёрная Пирамида
2 375 м
Одна из основных вершин в составе массива Аибга. Чёрная Пирамида знакома каждому туристу, хотя бы однажды побывавшему в краснополянских горах. Так назвал её Юрий Ефремов, писатель и краевед в своей знаменитой книге «Тропами горного Черноморья». «Мрачная вершина» — такой она кажется автору. Действительно, пик почти правильной пирамидальной формы накрывает своей суровой тенью второй цирк. Ефремов полагает, что Пирамида — наследие древних ледников, памятник давно прекратившемуся процессу ледникового обтекания. Подняться на вершину с южной стороны несложно, при хорошей погоде с неё открывается чудесный вид на всю Поляну.
Пик Псеашха Сахарная
3 188 м
Псеашха или Псеашхо — основное название одноимённых топонимов, среди которых мы знаем ледник, массив, перевал, вершины и хребты. Самый заметный из посёлка Красная Поляна пик ещё называют Сахарная Голова. Острая вершина этой горы, покрытая снегом, выглядит как приличный кусок сахара-рафинада, отсюда и ассоциативный ряд в народном её названии. Итак, -шхо или -шха? Спорят, между прочим, до сих пор. Адыгейская версия утверждает, что «псы» — вода, «уашхэ» — гора: «Гора у воды», «Родниковая гора», «Многоводная гора». Воды вокруг массива много: здесь и реки, и озёра, и ледники. Что, впрочем, не даёт нам подсказку, какое окончание будет звучать аутентичнее. Кроме того, есть сведения, что весь массив с прилегающими территориями в «дорусский» период находился под влиянием абхазо-абазинских племён. С их точки зрения всё логично: «шха (шьха)» от абх.-абаз. «гора, горное пастбище». Справедливости ради наиболее раннее упоминание топонима Псеашха встречается ещё в 1864 году. Что ж, так и оставим.
Текст: Ольга Осташинская
Фото: Кирилл Жолобов
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